World Health Organisation (WHO) ek emergency meeting bula raha hai taaki 116 deshon mein phail chuki Grade 3 mpox outbreak ko address kiya ja sake. Ye outbreak bahut hi urgent hai.
**WHAT IS MPOX?**
Mpox, jo pehle monkeypox ke naam se jaana jaata tha, ek viral disease hai jo mpox virus se hoti hai, jo Orthopoxvirus genus ka part hai.
Ye disease pehli baar 1958 mein Denmark mein monkeys mein identify ki gayi thi, isliye iska naam monkeypox tha, par ye mainly rodents aur chhoti mammals ko affect karta hai.
Ye ek rare zoonotic disease hai, jo animals se humans mein transfer hoti hai. Ye Poxviridae family se hai, jo smallpox, cowpox, vaccinia jaise diseases bhi cause karti hai.
Ab currently, mpox ke do clades hain: Clade I jo mainly Central aur East Africa mein milta hai, aur Clade II jo zyada cases West Africa mein dekha gaya hai.
Mpox ka pehla human case 1970 mein Democratic Republic of the Congo mein ek 9-year-old boy mein report hua tha. 2022 mein WHO ne monkeypox ka naam mpox rakha taaki iske saath kisi bhi racist insinuations ko door kiya ja sake.
**WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS?**
Mpox ke symptoms smallpox jaisa hota hai, jisme fever, headache, muscle aches, aur ek distinctive rash hoti hai jo face se shuru hoti hai aur body ke doosre parts tak spread hoti hai.
Ye virus humans ko infected animals, bodily fluids, ya contaminated materials se hota hai, aur person-to-person bhi spread ho sakta hai through respiratory droplets ya close contact.
Symptoms 2 se 4 weeks tak rehte hain.
Zyada tar log milder symptoms experience karte hain, lekin kuch log ko severe illness bhi ho sakti hai jo medical care ki zarurat hoti hai. Children, pregnant women, aur jo log immune system se weak hain, unko zyada risk hota hai.
**WHO IS IT TESTED?**
WHO ke according, mpox ke liye preferred laboratory test viral DNA detection hai using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Accurate diagnostic samples rash se directly milte hain, jaise skin, fluid, ya crusts, jo vigorous swabbing se collect kiye jaate hain.
Agar skin lesions nahi hain, to oropharyngeal, anal, ya rectal swabs se bhi testing ki ja sakti hai. Blood testing recommend nahi ki jaati.
Antibody detection methods usually useful nahi hote kyunki ye various orthopoxviruses ko differentiate nahi karte.
**WHAT IS THE TREATMENT?**
Abhi mpox ke liye koi cure ya specific treatment nahi hai. WHO ne symptoms manage karne ke liye supportive care recommend kiya hai.
Patients ko hydrated rehne, nutritious meals lene, achhi neend lene aur skin ko scratch karne se avoid karne ki advice di gayi hai.
Hygiene tips bhi follow karne ke liye keh diya gaya hai, jaise haath frequently wash karna aur lesions ko touch karne ke baad haath wash karna.
Agar infected individuals ko dusron ke saath space share karna padta hai, to unko apne lesions ko clothing ya bandage se cover karke rakhna chahiye jab tak wo isolate na ho sake.
**IS THERE A VACCINE?**
January 2022 mein, European Medicines Agency ne tecovirimat ko mpox ke treatment ke liye approve kiya tha, jo originally smallpox ke liye develop kiya gaya tha, lekin iski use limited hai aur usually clinical trials ya expanded access protocols ke sath hoti hai.
Teen vaccines—MVA-BN, LC16, aur OrthopoxVac—jo smallpox ke liye develop kiye gaye the, wo mpox ke prevention ke liye approved hain.
Vaccination sirf un logon ke liye recommended hai jo risk mein hain, aur WHO mass vaccination against mpox endorse nahi karta.
Pehle WHO ne mpox vaccines ke manufacturers ko Expression of Interest ke liye invite kiya tha Emergency Use Listing (EUL) ke liye, due to the worrying trends in the disease’s spread.